Infecciones emergentes, zoonosis y pandemias. En búsqueda de la solución

Abstract

The article addresses the challenges posed by emerging infectious diseases, zoonoses, and pandemics, paying particular attention to the factors that contribute to the emergence and spread of new infectious diseases. After reviewing some of the major epidemics and pandemics throughout history and in recent decades, it focuses on the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and on the complex relationship between diseases of animal origin, environmental changes, and public health. Globalization, human mobility, climate change, and ecosystem alterations may contribute to the emergence of new infectious agents and facilitate their transmission to human populations. In response to these threats, the article highlights the role of scientific research, epidemiological surveillance, and the development of vaccines and antimicrobials, as well as the use of new tools to anticipate and mitigate the impact of future epidemics. Likewise, the experience of COVID-19 underscores the need to strengthen coordination between the scientific and healthcare sectors, improve communication, and promote research. Finally, the article advocates for the One Health approach, which integrates human, animal, and environmental health as interconnected elements in addressing present and future health challenges.