Diagnóstico microbiológico del SARS-CoV-2. El papel del laboratorio clínico de Microbiología durante la pandemia COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66737/ier.zub.303Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, RT-PCR, antigen, antibodiesAbstract
In December 2019, the first cases of a severe pneumonia were declared in Wuhan, which ended at becoming the major public health crisis within the last decades. The publication of the complete sequence of SARS-CoV-2, the beta-coronavirus that causes COVID-19, was essential for the rapid development of current diagnostic methods. The detection of the genome (nucleic
acid amplification techniques) and viral proteins (antigen tests) are the basis of the direct diagnostic methods, with RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polimerase Chain Reaction) as the gold standard due to its high sensitivity and specificity. The serological indirect diagnosis is based on the detection of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and its evolution over time. Knowing the fundamentals, the different available commercial formats and the limitations of this entire diagnostic arsenal, as well as establishing efficient workflows and an adequate supply management, has been essential to offer an early diagnosis during the pandemic, allowing both the management and monitoring of the patient as well as the implementation of preventive measures to slow the spread of the virus.
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